1. Introduction to OSPF
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is an interior gateway protocol (IGP) that routes packets within a single autonomous system (AS). OSPF uses link-state information to make routing decisions, making route calculations using the shortest-path-first (SPF) algorithm. Like all link-state protocols, OSPF is very efficient in its use of network bandwidth.
1.1. Supported Platforms
Not all features are necessarily supported on each hardware platform. Refer to the Platform Guide for the features and the sub-features that are or are not supported by each platform.
1.2. Supported OSPF Standards
RtBrick FullStack (RBFS) substantially supports the following RFCs, which define standards for OSPF and OSPF version 2 (OSPFv2).
-
RFC 2328, OSPF Version 2
-
RFC 8665, OSPF Extensions for Segment Routing
1.3. Supported OSPF Features
The RBFS implementation conforms to the OSPF Version 2 specifications detailed in the RFC 2328. The following list outlines the key features supported in the RBFS OSPF implementation:
-
Stub areas—The definition of stub areas is supported.
-
Route redistribution—Routes learned via any IP routing protocol can be redistributed into any other IP routing protocol.
-
Authentication—Plain text (simple) and message-digest algorithm 5 (MD5) authentication among neighboring routers within an area is supported.
-
Routing interface parameters—Configurable parameters supported include opaque-capability, router priority, segment-routing, sid-index, router “dead” and hello intervals, and authentication key.
2. Configuring OSPF
2.1. Configuration Hierarchy
The diagram illustrates the OSPF configuration hierarchy. All OSPF configuration is performed within an instance, for example the default instance or a VPN service instance. The OSPF instance configuration hierarchy includes parameters which are generic to the respective OSPF instance. The sub-hierarchies include parameters which are specific to redistribution or authentication.
2.2. Configuration Syntax and Commands
The following sections describe the OSPF configuration syntax and commands.
2.2.1. OSPF Instance Configuration
At this configuration hierarchy you configure OSPF protocol parameters which are generic to the OSPF instance.
Syntax
set instance <instance-name> protocol ospf <attribute> <value>
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
area <area-id> |
Identifier of an OSPF area. The area-id argument can be specified in IP address format. |
area-type <stub | totally_stub> |
Defines an area type such as stub or totally_stub |
default-metric <metric> |
OSPF interface metric |
max-load-balance <max-load-balance> |
The maximum number of equal-cost routes for load balancing. |
opaque-capability <true / false> |
Enable or disable opaque LSA advertisement and reception. |
redistribute <source> |
Enable the redistribution feature to dynamically inject specific types of routes into the OSPF protocol. Supported route sources are bgp, direct, static, and isis. |
router-id <ipv4-address> |
The router ID of the routing instance. The router-id configuration is mandatory since RBFS does not pick router-id from device interfaces. |
segment-routing status <enable / disable> |
Enable or disable segment routing forwarding in OSPF. |
srgb base <value> |
Segment Routing Global Block (SRGB) start label. The SRGB is the range of label values reserved for segment routing (SR). These values are assigned as segment identifiers (SIDs) to SR-enabled network nodes and have global significance throughout the routing |
srgb range <value> |
Segment Routing Global Block (SRGB) label range. |
Example: OSPF Instance Configuration
The following example shows some global OSPF instance configuration attributes.
{
"ietf-restconf:data": {
"rtbrick-config:instance": [
{
"name": "default",
"protocol": {
"ospf": {
"segment-routing": {
"status": "enable",
"srgb": {
"base": 100,
"range": 100
}
},
"area": [
{
"area-id": "0.0.0.0",
"interface": [
{
"name": "lo-0/0/0",
"segment-routing": {
"ipv4": {
"index": 22
}
}
}
]
}
]
}
}
}
]
}
}
2.2.1.1. OSPF Redistribution
Enable the redistribution feature to dynamically inject specific types of routes into the OSPF protocol.
Supported route sources include arp-nd, BGP, bgp-local, bgp-local-origin, Direct, IGMP, IS-IS, L2TPv2, LDP, Local, PIM, PPP, RIB, and Static.
Syntax
set instance <instance-name> ospf redistribute <options>
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
redistribute <protocol> |
Specifies the source from which the routes are to be redistributed from. The available options include |
redistribute <protocol> <policy> |
Specifies the name of the policy map. The redistribute attach point allows routes from other sources to be advertised by OSPF. Policy can be applied only to the routes that are redistributed from other sources to OSPF. The support for area leaking through policy is unavailable. |
Example: Redistribution Configuration
{
"ietf-restconf:data": {
"rtbrick-config:instance": [
{
"name": "default",
"protocol": {
"ospf": {
"redistribute": [
{
"source": "bgp",
"policy": "p1"
}
]
}
}
}
]
}
}
2.2.2. OSPF Area Configuration
Area number used to define the particular area.
set instance <instance-name> protocol ospf area <area-id> interface <interface-name>
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
<instance-name> |
Name of the OSPF instance |
<area-id> |
Area number used to define the particular area |
<name> |
Name of the interface. For more available options and information, see the section, OSPF Interface Configuration |
Example: Interface Area Configuration
supervisor@fwdd-r2: cfg> show config instance default protocol ospf area 0.0.0.0
{
"rtbrick-config:area": {
"area-id": "0.0.0.0",
"interface": [
{
"name": "memif-0/1/2/1"
},
{
"name": "memif-0/2/3/1"
},
{
"name": "memif-1/1/2/1"
}
]
}
}
supervisor@fwdd-r2: cfg>
2.2.3. OSPF Interface Configuration
Syntax:
set instance <instance-name> protocol ospf area <area-id> interface <interface-name> <attribute> <value>
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
<instance-name> |
Name of the OSPF instance |
<interface-name> |
Name of the interface |
<metric-value> |
Specify the cost of an OSPF interface |
network-type <broadcast | p2p> |
broadcast - Sets the network type to broadcast; p2p - Sets the network type to point-to-point. |
dr-priority <dr-priority> |
Sets the router priority for an interface. |
sid-index <sid-index> |
Specifies the prefix segment identifier (SID) index on the OSPF-enabled interface |
segment-routing <true / false> |
Enable or disable segment routing forwarding in OSPF. |
ipv4 |
Specifies ipv4 address |
index <index-id> |
Specifies idex id |
dead <dead> |
Specifies the length of time, in seconds, that the routing device waits before declaring that a neighboring routing device is unavailable. The range is 1 through 65,535 seconds. |
hello <hello> |
Specifies the length of time, in seconds, before the routing device sends a hello packet out of an interface. The range is from 1 through 255 seconds. |
Example: Interface Area Configuration
supervisor@fwdd-r2: cfg> show config instance default protocol ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface ifl-0/1/2/1
{
"rtbrick-config:interface": {
"interface-name": "ifl-0/1/2/1"
}
}
supervisor@fwdd-r2: cfg>
2.2.4. OSPF Authentication
OSPF supports the following two types of authentication:
-
MD5 authentication
-
Simple authentication
The authentication is accomplished by the exchange of an authenticating key that is known by both the sending and receiving router.
2.2.4.1. OSPF MD5 authentication
This command enables you to set Message Digest 5 (MD5) authentication for an OSPF interface.
set instance <instance-name> protocol ospf area <area-id> interface <interface-name> authentication md5 key_id <key_id> password <password>
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
<instance-name> |
Name of the OSPF instance |
<area-id> |
Area number used to define the particular area |
<interface-name> |
Name of the interface |
<key_id> |
Specifies a key ID. |
<password> |
Specifies the password to be used by neighboring routers that are using the OSPF md5 password authentication |
Example: Interface Authentication MD5 Configuration
supervisor@fwdd-r1: cfg> show config instance red protocol ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface ifl-0/0/1/1 authentication type md5
{
"ietf-restconf:data": {
"rtbrick-config:instance": [
{
"name": "red",
"protocol": {
"ospf": {
"redistribute": {
"direct": "true"
},
"area": [
{
"area-id": "0.0.0.0",
"interface": [
{
"interface-name": "ifl-0/0/1/1",
"authentication": {
"type": "md5",
"key-id": 1,
"encrypted-text": "$2bae0eaf367ec906a2fa325496c6485fb"
}
}
]
}
]
}
}
}
]
}
}
supervisor@fwdd-r1: cfg>
2.2.4.2. OSPF Simple Authentication
This command enables you to set simple authentication for an OSPF interface.
set instance <instance-name> protocol ospf area <area-id> interface <interface-name> authentication simple password <password>
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
<instance-name> |
Name of the OSPF instance |
<area-id> |
Area number used to define the particular area |
<interface-name> |
Name of the interface |
<password> |
Specifies the password to be used by neighboring routers that are using the OSPF simple password authentication |
Example: Interface Authentication Simple Configuration
supervisor@fwdd-r1: cfg> show config instance red protocol ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface lo-0/0/1/1 authentication plain-text abcd123
{
"data": {
"rtbrick-config:instance": [
{
"name": "red",
"protocol": {
"ospf": {
"area": [
{
"area-id": "0.0.0.0",
"interface": [
{
"interface-name": "ifl-0/0/1/1",
"authentication": {
"key-id": 1,
"encrypted-text": "$2bae0eaf367ec906a2fa325496c6485fb"
}
}
]
}
]
}
}
}
]
}
}
supervisor@fwdd-r1: cfg>
3. OSPF Operational Commands
3.1. OSPF Show Commands
3.1.1. OSPF Summary
Displays the OSPF summary information.
Syntax:
show ospf summary <option>
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
- |
Without any option, the commands displays the information for all instances. |
instance <instance-name> |
OSPF summary information for the given instance. |
Example: OSPF summary for the default instance
supervisor@fwdd-r2: op> show ospf summary
Instance: default
General information
Router ID: 2.2.2.2, Flags: -|-|-|-|-
Flood interval: 3000, Area count: 1,
Opaque capability: True
Segment routing capability: True
SRGB base: 1000
SRGB range: 1000
SRGB label values: 1000 - 1999
Area: 0.0.0.0
Interface count: 3
Interface: memif-0/1/2/1
Address: 10.1.1.2, Cost: 1, State: DR
Type: broadcast, MTU: 1500, Priority: 1
Designated Router: 10.1.1.2, Backup Designated Router: 10.1.1.1
Timers
Hello interval: 10 sec, Dead interval: 40 sec
Interface: memif-0/2/3/1
Address: 30.1.1.2, Cost: 1, State: Backup
Type: broadcast, MTU: 1500, Priority: 1
Designated Router: 30.1.1.3, Backup Designated Router: 30.1.1.2
Timers
Hello interval: 10 sec, Dead interval: 40 sec
Interface: memif-1/1/2/1
Address: 20.1.1.2, Cost: 1, State: DR
Type: broadcast, MTU: 1500, Priority: 1
Designated Router: 20.1.1.2, Backup Designated Router: 20.1.1.1
Timers
Hello interval: 10 sec, Dead interval: 40 sec
<....>
3.1.2. OSPF Interface
Displays OSPF information specific to interfaces.
Syntax:
show ospf interface <option>
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
- |
Without any option, the commands displays the interface information for all instances. |
instance <instance-name> |
OSPF interface information for the given instance. |
Example: OSPF interface information for the default instance
supervisor@fwdd-r2: op> show ospf interface Instance: default Interface Area IP Address State Type Cost Priority DR BDR MTU memif-0/1/2/1 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.2 DR broadcast 1 1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.1 1500 memif-0/2/3/1 0.0.0.0 30.1.1.2 Backup broadcast 1 1 30.1.1.3 30.1.1.2 1500 memif-1/1/2/1 0.0.0.0 20.1.1.2 DR broadcast 1 1 20.1.1.2 20.1.1.1 1500 Instance: vrf1 Interface Area IP Address State Type Cost Priority DR BDR MTU memif-2/1/2/1 0.0.0.0 40.1.1.2 DR broadcast 1 1 40.1.1.2 40.1.1.1 1500 supervisor@fwdd-r2: op> show ospf interface instance
3.1.3. OSPF Neighbor
Displays adjacency information.
Syntax:
show ospf neighbor <option>
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
- |
Without any option, the commands displays the adjacency information for all instances. |
instance <instance-name> |
OSPF adjacency information for the given instance. |
Example: OSPF adjacency information for the default instance
supervisor@fwdd-r2: op> show ospf neighbor Instance: default Address Interface Router ID Area State Priority DR BDR Uptime Expires 10.1.1.1 memif-0/1/2/1 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 Full 1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.1 0d:05h:33m:40s 39 Seconds 30.1.1.3 memif-0/2/3/1 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0 Full 1 30.1.1.3 30.1.1.2 0d:05h:33m:40s 36 Seconds 20.1.1.1 memif-1/1/2/1 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 Full 1 20.1.1.2 20.1.1.1 0d:05h:33m:40s 39 Seconds Instance: vrf1 Address Interface Router ID Area State Priority DR BDR Uptime Expires 40.1.1.1 memif-2/1/2/1 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 Full 1 40.1.1.2 40.1.1.1 0d:05h:33m:37s 40 Seconds supervisor@fwdd-r2: op>
3.1.4. OSPF Database
Displays the entries in the OSPF link-state database, which contains data about link-state advertisement (LSA) packets.
Syntax:
show ospf database <option>
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
- |
Without any option, the commands displays the database information for all instances. |
instance <instance-name> |
OSPF database information for the given instance. |
Example: OSPF database information for the default instance
supervisor@fwdd-r2: op> show ospf database Instance: default, Area: 0.0.0.0 Type Link State ID Adv Router Age Sequence Number Checksum Cost Router 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 1914 0x8000002e 7502 Router 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 1442 0x800000cf 64388 Router 5.5.5.5 5.5.5.5 883 0x800000b0 48439 Network 10.1.1.2 2.2.2.2 2579 0x8000001e 8378 Network 20.1.1.2 2.2.2.2 2579 0x80000020 39221 Network 30.1.1.3 5.5.5.5 869 0x8000006c 53896 Summary-Network 1.1.1.2 1.1.1.1 2766 0x8000001c 9682 1 Opaque Area 4.0.0.0 2.2.2.2 399 0x80003069 56010 Opaque Area 4.0.0.0 5.5.5.5 107 0x800001ca 21522 Opaque Area 7.0.0.0 1.1.1.1 2034 0x8000001d 13222 Instance: vrf1, Area: 0.0.0.0 Type Link State ID Adv Router Age Sequence Number Checksum Cost Router 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 1905 0x80000009 63459 Router 4.4.4.4 4.4.4.4 6 0x80000022 34610 Network 40.1.1.2 4.4.4.4 1554 0x8000001d 51739 Instance: default Type Link State ID Adv Router Age Sequence Number Checksum Cost External 4.1.2.4 2.2.2.2 1379 0x80000003 56353 0 supervisor@fwdd-r2: op>
3.1.4.1. OSPF Database for a Specific Area
Displays the LSAs in a particular area.
Syntax:
show ospf database area <area-id>
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
<area-id> |
Area ID of the route. |
Example: OSPF area identifier information for the default instance
supervisor@fwdd-r2: op> show ospf database area 0.0.0.0 Instance: default, Area: 0.0.0.0 Type Link State ID Adv Router Age Sequence Number Checksum Cost Router 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 1948 0x8000002e 7502 Router 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 1476 0x800000cf 64388 Router 5.5.5.5 5.5.5.5 917 0x800000b0 48439 Network 10.1.1.2 2.2.2.2 2613 0x8000001e 8378 Network 20.1.1.2 2.2.2.2 2613 0x80000020 39221 Network 30.1.1.3 5.5.5.5 903 0x8000006c 53896 Summary-Network 1.1.1.2 1.1.1.1 16 0x8000001d 9171 1 Opaque Area 4.0.0.0 2.2.2.2 433 0x80003069 56010 Opaque Area 4.0.0.0 5.5.5.5 112 0x800001cb 30952 Opaque Area 7.0.0.0 1.1.1.1 2068 0x8000001d 13222 Instance: vrf1, Area: 0.0.0.0 Type Link State ID Adv Router Age Sequence Number Checksum Cost Router 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 1939 0x80000009 63459 Router 4.4.4.4 4.4.4.4 40 0x80000022 34610 Network 40.1.1.2 4.4.4.4 1588 0x8000001d 51739 supervisor@fwdd-r2: op>
3.1.4.2. OSPF Database for External Routes
Displays external LSAs.
Syntax:
show ospf database external
Example: OSPF external route information for the default instance
supervisor@fwdd-r2: op> show ospf database external Instance: default Type Link State ID Adv Router Age Sequence Number Checksum Cost External 4.1.2.4 2.2.2.2 1441 0x80000003 56353 0 supervisor@fwdd-r2: op>
3.1.5. OSPF Route
Displays the entries in the OSPF routing table.
Syntax:
show ospf route <option>
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
- |
Without any option, the commands displays the route information for all instances. |
instance <instance-name> |
OSPF route information for the given instance. |
labeled-unicast |
Displays information about the OSPF labeled unicast routes |
labeled-unicast |
Displays information about the OSPF labeled unicast routes |
mpls |
Displays information about the OSPF MPLS routes |
Example: OSPF route information for the default instance
supervisor@r3_ospf: op> show ospf route
Instance: default, SAFI: unicast
Prefix Area Type Cost Next Hop Interface
10.10.10.0/24 0.0.0.0 Ospf_Direct 1 10.10.10.3 memif-3/8/0/0
12.0.1.0/24 0.0.0.0 inter-area 2 10.10.10.2 memif-3/8/0/0
23.0.2.2 memif-3/2/2/0
23.0.1.2 memif-3/2/1/0
12.0.2.0/24 0.0.0.0 inter-area 2 10.10.10.2 memif-3/8/0/0
23.0.2.2 memif-3/2/2/0
23.0.1.2 memif-3/2/1/0
15.0.1.0/24 0.0.0.0 inter-area 2 10.10.10.5 memif-3/8/0/0
35.0.1.5 memif-3/5/1/0
16.0.1.0/24 0.0.0.0 inter-area 3 10.10.10.2 memif-3/8/0/0
10.10.10.5 memif-3/8/0/0
23.0.2.2 memif-3/2/2/0
23.0.1.2 memif-3/2/1/0
35.0.1.5 memif-3/5/1/0
23.0.1.0/24 0.0.0.0 Ospf_Direct 1 23.0.1.3 memif-3/2/1/0
23.0.2.0/24 0.0.0.0 Ospf_Direct 1 23.0.2.3 memif-3/2/2/0
24.0.1.0/24 0.0.0.0 intra-area 2 10.10.10.2 memif-3/8/0/0
23.0.2.2 memif-3/2/2/0
34.0.1.4 memif-3/4/1/0
23.0.1.2 memif-3/2/1/0
10.10.10.4 memif-3/8/0/0
25.0.1.0/24 0.0.0.0 intra-area 2 10.10.10.2 memif-3/8/0/0
10.10.10.5 memif-3/8/0/0
23.0.2.2 memif-3/2/2/0
23.0.1.2 memif-3/2/1/0
35.0.1.5 memif-3/5/1/0
Instance: default, SAFI: labeled-unicast
Prefix Area Type Cost Next Hop Interface
92.168.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 inter-area 3 23.0.1.2 memif-3/2/1/0
10.10.10.2 memif-3/8/0/0
23.0.2.2 memif-3/2/2/0
35.0.1.5 memif-3/5/1/0
10.10.10.5 memif-3/8/0/0
92.168.1.2/32 0.0.0.0 inter-area 2 23.0.2.2 memif-3/2/2/0
10.10.10.2 memif-3/8/0/0
23.0.1.2 memif-3/2/1/0
92.168.1.5/32 0.0.0.0 inter-area 2 35.0.1.5 memif-3/5/1/0
10.10.10.5 memif-3/8/0/0
92.168.1.6/32 0.0.0.0 inter-area 3 10.10.10.2 memif-3/8/0/0
23.0.1.2 memif-3/2/1/0
23.0.2.2 memif-3/2/2/0
Instance: default, AFI: mpls
Label Type Next Hop Interface
label:3111 inter-area 35.0.1.5 memif-3/5/1/0
23.0.1.2 memif-3/2/1/0
10.10.10.2 memif-3/8/0/0
23.0.2.2 memif-3/2/2/0
10.10.10.5 memif-3/8/0/0
label:3111,bos:1 inter-area 35.0.1.5 memif-3/5/1/0
23.0.1.2 memif-3/2/1/0
10.10.10.2 memif-3/8/0/0
23.0.2.2 memif-3/2/2/0
10.10.10.5 memif-3/8/0/0
label:3112 intra-area 10.10.10.2 memif-3/8/0/0
23.0.1.2 memif-3/2/1/0
23.0.2.2 memif-3/2/2/0
supervisor@fwdd-r2: op>
3.1.6. OSPF SPF Result
Syntax:
show ospf spf result <option>
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
- |
Without any option, the commands displays the information for all instances. |
area <area-id> |
Displays information about the specified area. |
instance <instance-name> |
OSPF summary information for the given instance. |
Example: OSPF SPF Result for the default instance
supervisor@fwdd-r2: op> show ospf spf result
Instance: default, Area: 0.0.0.0
Node ID Type Cost Node Adv Router Flags Neighbor Node Interface Nexthop
1.1.1.1 ROUTER 1 1.1.1.1 1 1.1.1.1 memif-0/1/2/1 10.1.1.1
1.1.1.1 memif-1/1/2/1 20.1.1.1
5.5.5.5 ROUTER 1 5.5.5.5 0 5.5.5.5 memif-0/2/3/1 30.1.1.3
Instance: vrf1, Area: 0.0.0.0
Node ID Type Cost Node Adv Router Flags Neighbor Node Interface Nexthop
3.3.3.3 ROUTER 1 3.3.3.3 0 3.3.3.3 memif-2/1/2/1 40.1.1.1
supervisor@fwdd-r2: op>
3.1.7. OSPF Statistics
3.1.7.1. OSPF Route Statistics
Displays OSPF statistics for all routing instances.
Syntax:
show ospf route statistics
Example: OSPF route statistics for all routing instances.
supervisor@fwdd-r2: op> show ospf route statistics Instance: default Start Time Elapsed Time Reason ID Area Intra Inter External 2021-03-26 04:30:40 340us SPF_CHANGE 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 1 1 0 2021-03-26 04:30:40 31us SPF_CHANGE 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0 0 0 0 2021-03-26 04:30:40 83us SPF_CHANGE 30.1.1.3 0.0.0.0 1 0 0 2021-03-26 04:30:46 308us SPF_CHANGE 30.1.1.3 0.0.0.0 1 0 0 2021-03-26 04:30:46 291us SPF_CHANGE 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 1 1 0 2021-03-26 04:30:46 22us SPF_CHANGE 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0 0 0 0 <....>
3.1.8. OSPF SPF Statistics
Displays OSPF SPF statistics for all routing instances.
Syntax:
show ospf spf statistics
supervisor@fwdd-r2: op> show ospf spf statistics Instance: default Start Time Elapsed Time Area Reason 2021-03-26 04:30:02 1056us 0.0.0.0 R-LSA(01) 2021-03-26 04:30:09 1059us 0.0.0.0 R-LSA(02) 2021-03-26 04:30:40 1288us 0.0.0.0 R-LSA(06) N-LSA(01) 2021-03-26 04:30:46 1164us 0.0.0.0 R-LSA(07) N-LSA(03) 2021-03-26 04:30:48 1298us 0.0.0.0 R-LSA(08) N-LSA(04) 2021-03-26 04:30:50 1513us 0.0.0.0 R-LSA(08) N-LSA(06) <....>
3.2. OSPF Clear Commands
3.2.1. Clear Neighbor Statistics
To clear neighbor statistics and reset adjacencies for OSPF, enter the following command:
Syntax:
clear ospf neighbor instance <instance> area <area-id> interface
Example:
supervisor@rtbrick: cfg> clear ospf neighbor instance default area 0.0.0.0 interface
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